Michael Gifford
Taking stock of your finances before starting a business can be vital to your success.
Everyone who has ever even thought
about starting a business has asked themselves at least one question.
Whether our business would require us to purchase inventory, equipment,
advertising, training, or any of a thousand other items necessary for
success, we’ve all had to ask ourselves, “Where am I going to get the
money to get my business off the ground?”
The answer to this question can mean
the difference between comfortably repaying a reasonable loan or begging
someone to return the shirt they took off your back because it was the
only collateral you had left. How can you finance your new venture and
still keep your entire wardrobe intact?
Don’t Burn That Bridge Yet
First of all, I suggest that, if at
all possible, you make sure that you have at least one steady income
before jumping into your new business full-time. This may mean that
you’ll have to hang on to your current job a little while longer until
you can replace the income you’re earning now. Once you get a little
taste of the freedom of working for yourself, once you get that first
check in your new business, it’s a terrible temptation to want to rush
right up to your boss and tell him or her that you’re through. Be
careful of that. In this article I’m going to assume that you’ll be
starting your business on a part- time basis or that there will be at
least one member of your household bringing in a steady income during
start-up.
What I’m Not Going to Tell You
You probably thought I’d be directing
you to all the different sources available for financing your business.
That’s another article. Sure, I could suggest this lending institution
or that. I could tell you how to borrow from family and friends. I could
advise you regarding terms and rates. I could provide you with
information on how to incorporate and sell stock. But I like to go back
behind the obvious. It would be fairly easy to borrow money from a
credit card or family member or, to some extent, even a bank if you have
good credit, but let’s think for a few moments about some serious
assessments that you need to take before making a financial commitment.
Assess Your Assets
It’s a good idea to know how much you
own anyway so sit down and make a list of all of your assets including
checking account balances, savings account balances, certificates of
deposit, stocks, bonds, mutual funds, retirement accounts, life
insurance policies with cash values, home equity and personal property
values. Basically, anything in your possession that has financial value
should be counted. You can value personal property either by hiring a
CPA to figure the market price of depreciable goods, paying an appraiser
to estimate the value of items like jewelry and antiques, or searching
for similar items that others have for sale to see how they are pricing
them.
As
it specifically relates to financing your business, there are two
reasons for completing the tasks mentioned above. First, if you want to
finance your business without borrowing from others, you’ll be able to
see if you have enough cash on hand to get started in the particular
business you want to own. If not, you might wish to change businesses or
wait until you have more saved up before you start your business.
Second, you’ll be able to see what collateral you have available should
you decide to borrow the money to finance your business.
I think most people don’t realize how
much they possess. Knowing this will help you make your decision
regarding where and how to get the money to start out. In addition, this
habit of accurate, up-to-date record keeping of your assets will most
certainly be appreciated by your family in the event of serious illness
or your death.
Assess Your Risk
Why don’t bankers lend money to every
businessperson who applies for it? Why would any banker deny funding
for a person with rock solid credit? The answer lies in the risk factor
involved in the business.
A good friend of mine who was the
Vice-President of a major national bank for over 20 years told me that
the type of business one wishes to start influences a bank’s decision
regarding financing as much as any other facet of the loan application.
The reason is simple. You might have great credit. You might have a
bundle of assets. But you also might have those ONLY in the beginning.
If you were to venture into a highly risky business, it’s possible that
it wouldn’t be long until you would be selling those assets and damaging
that credit. At that point, your former good financial standing would
not mean a thing.
What is a risky business? It could be
one that has not been well researched or well planned. It could also be
one that involves a high level of liability. There are several factors
that come into play here but you need to ask yourself how much you
really know about the business you’re wanting to start, how easy or
difficult it will be for you to obtain customers, etc.
This is off the subject, but another
angle on the risk factor has to do with how much of your time and money
you’re willing to risk. Some people want nothing whatsoever to do with
risk. They want guarantees all the way. If you’re that type of person,
you’d probably find that owning your own business is not for you. I know
I’ve strayed from the thrust of this article in writing this, but I
fear that some people go into business with their eyes closed to the
possibility that they could lose everything. There are very few “sure
things” in life. A business is not one of them.
Assess Your Debt Tolerance
Everyone who has applied for a
mortgage is familiar with the debt to income ratios which the mortgage
companies use to determine how much house you can afford. The last time I
applied for a mortgage I was told that my monthly debts plus monthly
house payment could not exceed 35-40% of my income. That seems like a
reasonable figure. You certainly don’t want your debt to exceed half of
your income.
Go ahead and figure your current debt
to income ratio. Be sure to include all of your monthly obligations
including credit cards, car payments and house payments. I would suggest
even including things like insurance and utilities because they are
fixed monthly expenses as well. Add all of these together and divide
this number by your current monthly household income.
Now figure out how much extra you
could pay each month for a loan to get your business started. If your
ratio is currently at 30%, how much could you pay each month on a loan
and still keep the ratio in the 35-40% range? For example, let’s say
that your current household income after taxes is $8,000 per month and
all of your monthly obligations equal $2,500. Your current debt to
income ratio is 31%. 40% of the $8,000 would equal $3,200. This would
mean that you could borrow an amount with a monthly repayment of up to
$700 per month.
Once you figure this out, get an
amortization schedule or call your banker and find out how much you
could finance by paying back said amount of money per month. Try to go
for as short a term as possible. A 15 year note may get your payments
within your desired range, but it will also cause you to pay a
significantly higher amount of interest than a five year or even a 10
year note.
In
a day when it’s so easy to get your hands on money through credit card
and second mortgage offers, be careful to assess your debt limit. Few
things are more stressful than having more debt than you can handle.
Do Your Homework
I am a MAJOR proponent of carefully
planning out as much of your business as you can before you ever take
the first call or write up the first order. Of course, the best way to
finance your new venture is with available cash. However, the fact of
the matter is that it is often necessary to borrow to get a business
started. While following the steps noted above will not guarantee that
you will succeed in your own business or that you will be able to keep
that shirt, they will help you plan in such a way that if the shirt IS
taken off your back, you’ll at least have another one hanging in the
closet for a spare.
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Michael Gifford has been has often
been called “The Go To Guy.” In his many years as an entrepreneur, he has
been involved in business start-ups, aided in business expansions,
registered a patent and trademarks, and authored a number of books and
articles. Currently he serves as President of
New Heights Marketing, Inc. in Sugar Hill, Georgia. Permission is granted by the author to reprint this article provided that this resource box is included in its entirety.